Learn LSD pharmacology from a simplified neuroscience perspective. Pharmacology of LSD Learn how LSD works in the brain from a molecular perspective Main LSD page Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a monoaminergic psychedelic with a chemical structure very similar to the neurotransmitter serotonin. Upon consumption, the LSD molecule crosses the blood-brain barrier and binds to 8 different serotonin receptors mainly the 5HT2A receptor. LSD binding agonizes (binds to) this receptor and causes an increase in 5HT2A serotonin firing. The proposed reason for LSD's lengthy duration is due to the formation of a "lid" on the serotonin receptor. It is believed that the LSD molecule creates a type of lid that hinders the reuptake of the molecule, making it more difficult for it to be broken down and removed from the serotonin receptor. This prolonged interaction with the receptor contributes to the extended effects of LSD compared to endogenous (naturally occurring) serotonin. Next page LSD analogues (drugs similar to LSD) LSD is illegal and completely unregulated since it is produced and distributed illegally the purity, dose, and substance is unknown when dealing with LSD. When people say LSD they mean the chemical Lysergic acid diethylamide. There are many analogues of LSD that are known and being researched. A drug analogue is a chemical that looks and behaves very similarly to another chemical while having very slight differences . For example, Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) has a very similar chemical called 1p-LSD. The 1p-lsd molecule looks nearly identical to someone without a background in chemistry but there is a slight difference between LSD and 1p-LSD. Both chemicals are psychoactive and cause psychedelic effects but LSD is schedule 1 illegal and 1p-LSD is considered a research chemical and not directly illegal. The Federal analogue act of 1986 in the United States stated that a chemical that is substantially similar to an illegal drug should be considered illegal as well but only if the chemical is intended for human consumption. Some research companies in Canada legally distribute analogues of LSD such as 1p-LSD, 1b-LSD, 1v-LSD. All these chemicals are very similar to LSD but not exactly the same. There are definitely differences between them but they are all psychedelic and are measured in microgram doses similar to Lysergic Acid diethylamide (regular LSD). (both tabs contain 1p-LSD) Sometimes analogues are on labeled blotter paper. Most analogues are meant to trick buyers into thinking it is real LSD. 1-propanoyl-lyserigic acid diethylamine Fun fact LSD was made on accident by Swiss scientist Albert Hoffman in 1943. He dosed himself by mistake and experienced the first LSD trip ever! ALBERT HOFFMAN: THE CREATOR OF LSD

Learn how MDMA / ecstasy effect the brain from a simplified neuroscience perspective. MDMA Pharmacology MDMA Home page MDMA standing for Methylene-dioxy-methyl-amphetamine acts both as a psychedelic and stimulant in the catecholaminergic psychedelic class also known as phenylethylamine psychedelics and amphetamine stimulants. MDMA works by increasing synaptic concentration of serotonin, norepinephrine, and to a lesser extent, dopamine. When the MDMA molecule crosses the blood brain barrier the chemical is shaped similar enough to serotonin to enter a serotonin transporter. Then the MDMA molecules inhibit the vesicular monoamine transporters (VMAT) which causes serotonin to be rapidly released from the vesicles housing it and accumulates in the cytosol. Finally, MDMA changes the direction of serotonin transporters to release excessive amounts of serotonin out of the neuron which floods into the synaptic cleft. Serotonin reuptake is inhibited and leaves massive amounts of serotonin in the synaptic cleft to stimulate serotonin receptors continuously causing them to fire. MDMA mechanism in the brain

Using DMT in the safest and most health conscious way while having fun and learning. Understand dosing, purity, what it feels like and most importantly how to stay safe. DMT safety tips DMT Main page this page is still in development still in development Section Subtitle page will be completed soon. still developing this page. Button

learn about cocaine purity, effects, and safety tips. dangers of Mixing cocaine and alcohol Cocaine is often a party drug used at clubs, festivals, and parties. Partiers that drink alcohol often use cocaine at the same time to diminish the sedative effects of alcohol and make them more alert. Mixing cocaine with alcohol is dangerous for many reasons. Firstly, alcohol is a depressant and cocaine is a stimulant so mixing them can make the user feel more sober than they actually are. Cocaine use while drunk can make someone feel as if they can drink more without getting sick or “blacking out.” Cocaine use while drunk can lead someone to drinking much more alcohol than they realize making alcohol poisoning and injury from falling much more likely. Secondly, mixing cocaine and alcohol creates a very unique chemical reaction in the body. Mixing these drugs creates the psychoactive chemical cocaethylene in the body. Cocaehtylene causes the euphoric effects of cocaine to increase and create severe toxicity in the cardiovascular system. Since alcohol is a depressant it causes the cardiovascular system to relax and dilates blood vessels including the vessels in the nose. Dilated nose blood vessels means that more of the cocaine snorted will reach the blood stream and heighten the drug effects even more. Cocaethylene is extremely toxic and more damaging than either cocaine or alcohol by themselves. The damage caused by alcohol plus cocaine plus cocaethylene makes this drug combination one of the most dangerous and toxic there is. cocaine main page Next page toxicity and overdose potential of cocaine Cocaine overdose is quite common for a multitude of reasons. Coke is a strong nervous system stimulant which ramps up heart rate, metabolism, temperature, and blood pressure. If too much cocaine is consumed the spike in bodily functions may cause overexertion of organs causing heart attack, overheating (heat stroke), lung problems like pneumonia, and sleep deprivation in chronic users. Seizures are also possible due to cocaines stimulating effects in the brain. Cocaine outside of production countries such as Bolivia and Colombia is often cut with various things to mimic the effects of cocaine or thin the drug out. Everything from baby powder to lidocaine to fentanyl can be mixed into cocaine powder because all those substances are white powders visually identical to the pure drug. As with every other drug, it is heavily recommended to reagent test the substance to identify the chemicals and drugs it is made of. Reagent testing kits are fairly inexpensive yet they can save your life and spare your from ingesting a drug laced with something deadly like fentanyl. The Marquis and Liebermann reagent tests are recommended for cocaine testing. The marquis reagent can identify cocaine mixed with amphetamines Morris, Marquis, and Liebermann reagents. These kits that are capable of detecting specific cuts (levamisole and lidocaine)

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Learn how to stay safe when using meth or adderall Drugs list Pharmacology how to use safely Amphetamine home page How to dose meth and adderall (amphetamines) Instant release Tablets made of pressed powder effects last 4 to 6 hours usually lower dosages (5mg to 15mg) but sometimes higher dosages (30mg) Extended release capsules capsule full of amphetamine beads effects typically last 8 to 12 hours, possibly longer Higher dosages (20mg to 30mg) Adderall dosing Pharmaceutical Adderall is either a pill made of compressed powder (often colored and stamped with a label like “30” to show dose in milligrams” or a capsule often of orange color with orange beads inside the capsule. The tablets made of powder are often single doses where the drugs full effects are felt within 1 hour. Meanwhile, capsules with beads are often extended release which means the drug is swallowed and slowly releases the amphetamine into the blood stream over 6 to 12 hours. Someone Is abusing Adderall if they ingest more than the prescribed amount and doing something different than swallowing the pill whole. Adderall is often abused because the bead capsules and pills can be crushed and snorted (sniffed) for the effects to hit all at once instead of 6 to 12 hours. Snorting Adderall causes a rush of euphoria and energy because snorting a drug is felt much faster than a swallowed pill. It is extremely dangerous and damaging to snort pills especially Adderall. Since Adderall pills contain 5 to 20 milligrams of amphetamine the pill is majority fillers and coloring agents not meant for going into the nose. Inhaling the filler powders can burn the inside of your nose and cause infection quite easily. These powders do not dissolve in your nose so they will block your nasal passages and can harm your respiratory system. Furthermore, snorting amphetamines make them much more addictive because the quick effects of snorting over swallowing make the feeling stronger and hit faster. Meth dosing Methamphetamine is often found in powder or crystalized form. Powder meth is often snorted, injected, swallowed in capsules. Whereas crystal methamphetamine is not snorted because it will cut and tear the inside of your nose. Crystal can be smoked, melted then injected, or swallowed. Due to meth being illegal and not professionally manufactured by a regulated company the ingredients in meth are unknown. It is recommended to swallow meth opposed to snorting, smoking, and definitely avoid injecting. Making meth includes using extremely toxic chemicals like strong acids, phosphorous and many dangerous chemicals that can damage your nose, lungs, and veins. It is extremely recommended to never do meth in any form but if you do meth it Is extremely recommended that swallowing an ACCURATELY WEIGHED small dose is the best way to avoid excess damage to internal organs. Administering meth in other ways than swallowing can lead to damage to nasal cavities, lungs, teeth, throat, and veins. The phrase “meth mouth” is a term because people who smoke meth for a long time have severe tooth, gum, overall mouth damage. The actual methamphetamine drug itself does not cause mouth damage. It is the toxic additives that are leftover from creating the drug. Next page

Learn about Amphetamines, the dose, purity, effects, and how they work in the brain How to safely use meth and adderall (amphetamines) Meth & adderall Q&A Drugs list Amphetamine pharmacology Amphetamines are a group of stimulant drugs including Meth and Adderall. There are thousands of drugs in the amphetamine class but these 2 are the most prevalent in society. Methamphetamine and amphetamine salt (Adderall) yield extremely similar effects and carry similar risks when consumed in recreational doses. Note that any information written about ADDERALL refers to those who abuse and get high on it. Prescribed amounts for those who need the drug are not included in this article. People with ADHD taking prescribed 5mg to 20mg of Adderall are not the same as an average person snorting (sniffing) many crushed up pills to get high. Methamphetamine is also known as meth, crank, ice, crystal. Adderall is sometimes called a smart drug or study drug. Methamphetamine is illegal in all circumstances whereas Adderall can be legally prescribed for the treatment of disorders like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Both drugs are central nervous stimulants or “uppers” that induce euphoria, explosive amount of energy, increase enthusiasm, ramp up heart rate, and constrict pupils / circulation. High doses of these drugs lessen the desire for eating or sleeping which has many mental and bodily consequences. The Amphetamine class of drugs used recreationally cause the user to feel stronger, more confident, smarter, and more aware then they really are. how illegal is meth / adderall meth & adderall myths The general population views meth as a hard drug that is highly addictive and ruins the life of everyone who uses it. Someone imagining a meth addict visualizes a bone skinny, raggedy, toothless, dirty homeless person. Meanwhile, when someone visualizes an Adderall user they often visualize a businessman taking drugs to manage their busy work or busy family schedule. Put simply, meth is viewed as a dangerous drug that ruins lives and Adderall as a drug used for studying and productivity for normal people. The truth, according to pharmacology, is that pure meth and Adderall are just as addictive and relatively the same danger level to consume when taken at the same dose. Both meth and Adderall equally cause sleep deprivation, weight loss, dopamine deficiency, and brain alterations. Both chemicals function the same way in the brain and carry extremely similar overdose potential. Society is mislead because meth is illegal and Adderall is a “medicine” so it is reasonable to believe that a medicine is good for you and illegal drugs are dangerous. Sadly, this is not the case. Adderall (dextro and levoamphetamine) is not a better or worse choice to make legal than using medical grade methamphetamine. The one and only reason Adderall may be considered a better option to use recreationally is because pills from a pharmacy are not likely to be laced, have impurities, and have accurate dosing. Theoretically, if you have 2 pills, one contains meth and the other contains Adderall amphetamines. Assume both are medical grade and contain no harmful additives. It would be impossible to tell which pill contains what based solely off of the effects of the drug. The only way to tell is if you test the pill with a reagent testing kit. Overall, it is highly recommended to learn about drugs on your own and not believe that legal medicines are always good and illegal drugs will always kill you. Adderall and meth are effectively the same drug with totally different public perceptions. Methamphetamine and Adderall are both Schedule 2 drugs in the United States. Schedule 2 drugs are considered to have high potential for abuse potentially leading to severe psychological or physical dependence. The scheduling of a drug is determined by the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) in America. Other Schedule 2 drugs include cocaine, Ritalin, oxycodone, and fentanyl. The scheduling of drugs in America is very controversial and the ranking does not always align with the current scientific research regarding the danger and abuse potential of the substances. Adderall dosing Instant release Tablets made of pressed powder effects last 4 to 6 hours usually lower dosages (5mg to 15mg) but sometimes higher dosages (30mg) Extended release capsules capsule full of amphetamine beads effects typically last 8 to 12 hours, possibly longer Higher dosages (20mg to 30mg) Pharmaceutical Adderall is either a pill made of compressed powder (often colored and stamped with a label like “30” to show dose in milligrams) or a capsule often of orange color with orange beads inside the capsule. The tablets made of powder are often single doses where the drugs full effects are felt within 1 hour. Meanwhile, capsules with beads are often extended release which means the drug is swallowed and slowly releases the amphetamine into the blood stream over 6 to 12 hours. Adderall is often abused by crushing the bead capsules or pills then snorted (sniffed) for the effects to hit all at once instead of 6 to 12 hours. Snorting Adderall causes a rush of euphoria and energy because snorting a drug is felt much faster than a swallowed pill. It is extremely dangerous and damaging to snort pills. Since Adderall contain 5 to 20 milligrams of amphetamine the pill is majority fillers and coloring agents not meant for going into the nose. Inhaling the filler powders can burn the nose and cause infection quite easily. These powders do not dissolve in the nose so they will block nasal passages and can harm the respiratory system. Furthermore, snorting amphetamines make them much more addictive because the quick effects of snorting over swallowing make the feeling stronger and hit faster. Meth dosing Methamphetamine is often found in powder or crystalized form. Powder meth is often snorted, injected, swallowed in capsules. Whereas crystal meth is not snorted because it severely cuts and tears the inside of the nose. Crystal can be smoked, melted then injected, or swallowed. Due to meth being illegal and not created by a regulated company the ingredients in meth are unknown. It is recommended to swallow meth opposed to snorting, smoking, and definitely avoid injecting. Making meth includes using extremely toxic chemicals like strong acids, phosphorous and many dangerous chemicals that can damage your nose, lungs, and veins. It is extremely recommended to never do meth in any form but if you do meth it Is extremely recommended that swallowing an ACCURATELY WEIGHED small dose is the best way to avoid excess damage to internal organs. Administering meth in other ways than swallowing can lead to damage to nasal cavities, lungs, teeth, throat, and veins. The phrase “meth mouth” exists because people who smoke meth for a long time have severe tooth and gum damage. The actual methamphetamine drug itself does not cause mouth damage. It is the toxic additives that are leftover from creating the drug. How to remain safe using street Adderall Street Adderall are very commonly counterfeited, laced with meth or other drugs, and can contain the wrong dose. These risks apply to Adderall pills not from a pharmacy / prescription. The rule of thumb is if you did not personally pick them up from the pharmacy with your prescription then you MUST assume they are counterfeit. Never believe a dealer that say they got them from a pharmacy even if they show you a prescription. Always assume a dealers drugs will be laced . Dealers and producers can buy amphetamine powder and a pill press machine from amazon to make pills that looks identical to a real pharmaceutical grade pill. Do not try to visually distinguish real from fake pills. Additionally, if you test your Adderall and it tests positive for the correct drug, you can never know how much of the drug is in the pill. Never blindly believe the pills label If its stamped “30” or “15” indicating the amount of milligrams. Counterfeit dealers often press an incorrect amount of the amphetamine powder into the pill. There is not a test to determine how strong the pill is so after reagent testing the pill , it is recommended to swallow 10% of the pill to gauge how strong it is. Counterfeit Adderall often contain no Adderall at all. Many pills are made with powdered methamphetamine mixed with colored pill binder and pressed into the shape and color of real pills. Dealers can make more money selling meth and calling it Adderall. If you get Adderall pills from anywhere besides a pharmacy with your prescription you MUST reagent test the drug to make sure your pills are not methamphetamine. Many websites sell the test kits can decipher Adderall from meth It is critical to reagent test meth / Adderall. Please visit Dance Safe linked below and get drug testing kits. It may save your life. Click here to get reagents on Dance Safe How to see if your Adderall is real Step 1 Buy the marquis OR Liebermann reagent. Either of these tests will turn orange when EITHER meth or Adderall is detected. The marquis / Liebermann test will tell you if you have a type of amphetamine and not a completely different drug like heroin or MDMA. Only Meth and Adderall turn orange when using this test. Step 2 Buy the Simon’s reagent to see if you have meth OR Adderall. When placing a drop of the simons reagent on a small portion of the pill, the reagent will turn blue if the pill is made of meth and have no reaction if the pill is Adderall. step 3 You must use a fentanyl contamination test. As little as 2 grains of sand worth of fentanyl can be deadly. This step is as important as the previous 2 steps. Information to note YOU MUST UNDERSTAND that both marquis OR lieberman in addition to simons need to be used. Using only 1 reagent and not the other will not give you enough information to confidently say the pill is meth or Adderall. After both steps of reagent testing it is likely that the results from the reagents determined the correct drug.

Learn how psychedelic mushrooms work in the brain. Mushroom Pharmacology Mushroom Main page Mushrooms are a monoaminergic psychedelic that has a chemical structure very similar to the neurotransmitter (brain chemical) serotonin. This fungus is called “psilocybin” mushrooms because the chemical psilocybin is present in high concentrations. Mushrooms are not able to be injected, snorted, or dissolved in the mouth. The stems and caps of Mushrooms can only be eaten to be effective because of the metabolizing action necessary for the drug to work. Psilocybin present in mushrooms needs to be digested and metabolized into the chemical “psilocin” which is the actual molecule responsible for the psychedelic effects. Psilocybin is 4-phosphoryloxy-dimethyltryptamine. When ingested, the liver breaks off the phosphate group and the molecule Psilocin is created (4-hydroxy-dimethyltryptamine). Psilocin crosses the blood-brain barrier and binds to different serotonin receptors mainly the 5HT2A receptor. Psychedelic mushrooms function very similarly to LSD in the brain but mushrooms have a shorter duration compared to LSD because Psilocin molecules spend less time activating the serotonin receptors and are broken down faster than LSD. The most notable difference between LSD and Psilocybin mushrooms is the length of trip and subjective visual distortion differences. LSD visuals are often explained as geometric and rainbow whereas mushroom visuals are often described as more fluid and wavy. LSD is more straight lines and geometric shapes and mushrooms are more wavy lines and melting/flowing colors. But the mechanism of action in the brain between LSD and Mushrooms are very similar pharmacology wise. Chemical reaction in the liver Phosphate group is removed and psilocin is formed. Psilocin is the active ingredient that activate serotonin receptors in the brain

Learn all about the psychedelic drug ayahuasca containing DMT. How to use it, how to stay safe, and how it works in the brain and body. Ayahuasca DMT home page Ayahuasca is a brewed liquid traditionally from root bark and plants that contain DMT. Ayahuasca has a long history of use by South American religious groups as a sacred ritual where ayahuasca (DMT) drinks are consumed to cause psychedelic and spiritual experiences. The word ayahuasca is the name of a vine from the Amazon that contains DMT. While there are many plants used for ayahuasca a popular source of DMT is from the root bark of the plant Mimosa Hostilis. Mimosa Hostilis root bark is boiled which extracts the DMT from it. Drinking DMT root bark tea by itself will not give psychedelic effects. DMT is not an orally active molecule which is why the powder is often smoked. To make DMT tea orally active there must be a Monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) present. The liver enzyme Monoamine Oxidase breaks the DMT molecule down into a non-psychoactive derivative before it has a chance to cause psychedelic effects. Many metabolites are produced from DMT break down but mainly DMT-N-oxide (DMT-NO), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) which are not hallucinogenic. To prevent DMT breakdown in the liver the monoamine oxidase (MAO) must be blocked by way of a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI). Many ayahuasca brews contain both a bark like Mimosa Hostilis and a plant containing MAOIs such as Banisteriopsis caapi (BC) and Peganum harmala (PH). Both MAOI plants contain an active monoamine oxidase inhibitor such as β-carbolines harmalol, harmine, and harmaline. By brewing a DMT-containing bark like Mimosa Hostilis and MAOI-containing plant such as Peganum harmala together the resulting brew will cause hallucinogenic DMT effects when consumed. DMT containing plants such as Mimosa hostilis root bark are usually legal to purchase and possess in the united states. Although pure DMT powder is a schedule 1 illegal drug there is a grey area in the law about the entire plant. Purchasing and possessing the plant or bark is legal while extracting and consuming DMT is illegal. Mimosa hostilis root bark (contains DMT) Banisteriopsis caapi vine (contains MAOI inhibitor) Finished product: ayahuasca brew (contains DMT and MOAI inhibitor)

Learn about the creator of DrugSpeak. Why does drugspeak.org exist and what is it. Author information Mission & Goals My name is Kevin and I am the sole creator of Drugspeak.org. I am currently pursuing my bachelors in behavioral neuroscience at Florida State University. I believe there is a lack of easily accessible information on true unbiased science behind drugs on the internet. Drug Speak delivers reputable and up-to-date information on current drug research. My aim is to distribute information without political or economic bias to provide the researched-based understanding of drugs. Become a DrugSpeak Member X (Twitter) Follow me! @DrugSpeak_org Enter your email here Sign Up Thanks for submitting!